The effective average U.S. tariff rate on Chinese goods rose from approximately 3% in 2017 to a peak of 145% in April 2025 — the highest in modern U.S. history. Multiple rounds of Section 301 tariffs, layered IEEPA fentanyl surcharges, and retaliatory Chinese measures drove the escalation. The 2025 Geneva truce reduced rates to approximately 115% on a temporary basis, leaving the long-term framework unresolved.