per barrel price level crossed amid Gulf disruptions
EAST-WEST PIPELINE CAPACITY
~5M
barrels per day the struck pipeline can carry
HORMUZ BYPASS ROUTE
1,200 km
pipeline length from Eastern Province to Yanbu Red Sea terminal
DIESEL PRICES
All-Time High
U.S. record as of the escalation period, per EIA tracking
Escalation sequence — oil price spike % per event
Iraq-origin strike
Houthi strike
Coalition action
U.S.-Iran direct
2019-09-14
+15%
Abqaiq & Khurais refinery attacks
Houthis / Iran-linked — Yemen
Drone and cruise missile strikes on Saudi Aramco's Abqaiq processing facility briefly cut ~5.7M bpd — about 5% of global supply. Saudi production restored within weeks.
2022-03-25
+3%
Aramco Jeddah fuel depot struck
Houthis — Yemen
Houthi ballistic missiles and drones hit a Saudi Aramco fuel storage facility in Jeddah during a Formula 1 race weekend, causing fires visible from the track.
2024-01-12
+2%
U.S.-UK strikes on Houthi sites begin
United States / United Kingdom — Red Sea / Gulf of Aden
Coalition strikes on Houthi infrastructure in Yemen in response to sustained attacks on Red Sea commercial shipping. Houthi attacks on shipping continue.
2026-04-01
+22%
U.S.-Iran war escalates
United States / Iran — Persian Gulf
Direct U.S.-Iran military conflict triggers Strait of Hormuz disruptions. Iran-backed proxies across the region intensify attacks on Gulf energy infrastructure.
2026-09-12
+8%
Iraqi drone strike hits Saudi East-West Pipeline
Iran-backed Iraqi proxy (IRGC-linked) — Iraq
Drones launched from Iraqi territory strike the Saudi East-West Pipeline, forcing Saudi Arabia to shut the critical Hormuz-bypass route carrying up to 7M bpd to the Yanbu Red Sea terminal. The first confirmed pipeline strike originating from Iraq.
Key questions
SOURCES: U.S. Energy Information Administration · NBC News · Saudi Aramco public disclosures · Congressional Research Service. Oil price figures represent annual averages or peak-period estimates. Pipeline capacity figures per publicly available Aramco and CRS disclosures. The 2026 data points reflect the escalation scenario described in the source reporting.